TNF

Synonyms

ICD1, Tumor necrosis factor, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF Superfamily, Member 2), Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand 1F, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, TNF Superfamily, Member 2, TNF, Macrophage-Derived, TNF, Monocyte-Derived, APC1 Protein, TNLG1F, DIF, NTF, TNF-a, TNF-alpha, ICD2, N-terminal fragment, TNF, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, Cachectin, TNFSF2, TNFA

Description

Tumor necrosis factor α is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages, although it can be produced by many other cell types such as T helper cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and neurons.TNF is a member of the TNF superfamily, consisting of various transmembrane proteins with a homologous TNF domain.Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective . Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line . Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6 .The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.

KO Status

RenMab: Antibody Discovery

RenLite: F0

Drug Information

Launched drugs: 50
Drugs in clinical trials: 67
Latest Research Phase: Approved

Drug Name

Code

Phase

Company

Indications

Clinical Trials

Etanercept biosimilar (Mycenax Biotech/TSH Biopharm)

ENIA-11, E-11

Approved

Mycenax Biotech Inc, Tsh Biopharm

Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Adalimumab biosimilar (Reliance Life Sciences)

R-TPR-021

Approved

Reliance Life Sciences

Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Psoriasis, Colitis, Ulcerative, Arthritis, Psoriatic

Adalimumab biosimilar (Mylan/Biocon)

BMO-2, MYL-1401-A

Approved

Biocon

Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Arthritis, Juvenile, Psoriasis, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Plaque psoriasis

Infliximab biosimilar (Reliance Life Sciences)

BOW-015, R-TPR-015

Approved

Epirus Biopharmaceuticals

Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Adalimumab biosimilar (Pfizer)

PF-06410293

Approved

Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Ltd (China)

Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Juvenile, Psoriasis, Colitis, Ulcerative, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Uveitis, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Crohn Disease

Infliximab biosimilar (Pfizer)

PF-6438179, GP-1111, PF-06438179

Approved

Pfizer Inc

Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Psoriasis, Colitis, Ulcerative, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Crohn Disease

Etanercept biosimial (Sandoz)

GP-2015

Approved

Clariant Produkte (Schweiz) Ag

Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Juvenile, Psoriasis, Arthritis, Psoriatic

Infliximab biosimilar (AXXO)

Approved

Axxo

Autoimmune Diseases, Crohn Disease

Adalimumab biosimilar (Innovent Biologics)

IBI-303

Approved

Innovent Biologics(Suzhou) Co Ltd

Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Arthritis, Juvenile, Psoriasis, Uveitis, Plaque psoriasis

Adalimumab biosimilar (Bio-Thera Solutions)

BAT-1406

Approved

Bio-Thera Solutions Ltd

Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Psoriasis, Uveitis, Crohn Disease

References

Title

Authors

Source

Tandem arrangement of genes coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) in the human genome

Nedospasov S.A., Shakhov A.N., Turetskaya R.L., Mett V.A., Azizov M.M., Georgiev G.P., Korobko V.G., Dobrynin V.N., Filippov S.A., Bystrov N.S., Boldyreva E.F., Chuvpilo S.A., Chumakov A.M., Shingarova L.N., Ovchinnikov Y.A.,

Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 51:611-624(1986)

Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin

Pennica D., Nedwin G.E., Hayflick J.S., Seeburg P.H., Derynck R., Palladino M.A., Kohr W.J., Aggarwal B.B., Goeddel D.V.,

Nature 312:724-729(1984)

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for human tumour necrosis factor

Shirai T., Yamaguchi H., Ito H., Todd C.W., Wallace R.B.,

Nature 313:803-806(1985)

Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization

Nedwin G.E., Naylor S.L., Sakaguchi A.Y., Smith D.H., Jarrett-Nedwin J., Pennica D., Goeddel D.V., Gray P.W.,

Nucleic Acids Res. 13:6361-6373(1985)

Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor

Wang A.M., Creasey A.A., Ladner M.B., Lin L.S., Strickler J., van Arsdell J.N., Yamamoto R., Mark D.F.,

Science 228:149-154(1985)

Molecular cloning and expression of human tumor necrosis factor and comparison with mouse tumor necrosis factor

Marmenout A., Fransen L., Tavernier J., van der Heyden J., Tizard R., Kawashima E., Shaw A., Johnson M.J., Semon D., Mueller R., Ruysschaert M.-R., van Vliet A., Fiers W.,

Eur. J. Biochem. 152:515-522(1985)

Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment

Iris F.J.M., Bougueleret L., Prieur S., Caterina D., Primas G., Perrot V., Jurka J., Rodriguez-Tome P., Claverie J.-M., Dausset J., Cohen D.,

Nat. Genet. 3:137-145(1993)

A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC

Neville M.J., Campbell R.D.,

J. Immunol. 162:4745-4754(1999)

Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse

Xie T., Rowen L., Aguado B., Ahearn M.E., Madan A., Qin S., Campbell R.D., Hood L.,

Genome Res. 13:2621-2636(2003)

Association of TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms with the clearance of hepatitis B virus infection

Kim Y.J., Lee H.-S., Yoon J.-H., Kim C.Y., Park M.H., Kim L.H., Park B.L., Shin H.D.,

Hum. Mol. Genet. 12:2541-2546(2003)

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